Demonstrate how the UI adapts to various screen sizes (desktop, tablet, mobile) and works seamlessly across different browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge).

Business Impact: Wider reach, improved user experience, higher conversion rates.

Mention if you're using React, Angular, Vue.js, Bootstrap, Material-UI, etc. Explain why these were chosen (e.g., component reusability, development speed, performance).

Business Impact: Faster development cycles, consistent branding, efficient maintenance.

Discuss techniques like lazy loading images, code splitting, caching static assets, and optimized image formats. Show the speed.

Business Impact: Reduced bounce rates, improved SEO, better user satisfaction.

Highlight features for users with disabilities (e.g., ARIA attributes, keyboard navigation, screen reader compatibility).

Business Impact: Broader customer base, legal compliance, positive brand image.

Specify languages like Python (Django/Flask), Node.js (Express), PHP (Laravel/Symfony), Java (Spring Boot), Ruby (Rails). Explain the rationale for selection (e.g., scalability, community support, ecosystem).

Business Impact: Scalability to handle traffic, development efficiency, maintainability.

Identify SQL (e.g., PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server) or NoSQL (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis) databases. Discuss the data model and how it supports product information, user data, orders, etc.

Business Impact: Data integrity, efficient data retrieval, support for complex queries.

Explain how different parts of the system communicate (e.g., RESTful APIs for product data, user authentication, payment gateway integration).

Business Impact: Facilitates integration with third-party services, modular development, future extensibility.

Briefly touch upon the architectural choice and its implications for scalability, deployment, and team structure.

Business Impact: Agility in development, resilience, independent scaling of services.

(AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform) and specific services used (EC2, S3, Lambda, RDS, Kubernetes).

Business Impact: Scalability, cost-efficiency, global reach, disaster recovery.

Explain how static assets (images, videos, CSS, JS) are served closer to users globally.

Business Impact: Faster page load times, reduced server load, improved user experience.

SSL/TLS encryption, firewall configurations, DDoS protection, payment card industry (PCI) compliance, input validation, secure authentication (MFA).

Business Impact: Data protection, customer trust, regulatory compliance, prevention of financial loss.

How the system handles increased traffic during peak seasons or promotions.

Business Impact: Ensures website availability, prevents performance bottlenecks, maintains user experience during high demand.

(Stripe, PayPal, Razorpay, etc.) and their integration process.

Business Impact: Secure and diverse payment options, reduced fraud.

(FedEx, UPS, USPS, local courier services) for real-time rates and tracking.

Business Impact: Efficient order fulfillment, accurate shipping costs, improved customer satisfaction.

How customer data and inventory are managed.

Business Impact: Streamlined operations, personalized marketing, improved customer service.

(Google Analytics, Mixpanel, Mailchimp, HubSpot) for data collection and marketing automation.

Business Impact: Data-driven decision making, targeted marketing campaigns, improved ROI.

(Elasticsearch, Algolia, built-in recommendation algorithms).

Business Impact: Enhanced product discoverability, increased average order value.

This is what the customer sees and interacts with.

• 🏠 Homepage:

  Business Goal: First impression, guiding users to key sections (categories, promotions, new arrivals).

  Technical Elements: Hero banners (dynamic content from CMS), navigation bar (category taxonomy from product catalog), search bar (integrated with search engine), featured products (personalized recommendations).

• 🛒 Product Listing Page (PLP) / Category Page:

  Business Goal: Allow users to browse and filter products efficiently.

  Technical Elements: Product cards (data from product catalog), filtering/sorting options (querying database), pagination/infinite scroll (optimized data loading), quick view.

• 📦 Product Detail Page (PDP):

  Business Goal: Provide comprehensive product information to drive purchase decisions.

  Technical Elements: Product images/videos (CDN, image optimization), detailed descriptions (CMS), price (product catalog), "Add to Cart" button (triggers shopping cart service), customer reviews (review management system), related products (recommendation engine).

• 🛍️ Shopping Cart / Bag:

  Business Goal: Hold selected items before checkout, allow quantity adjustments.

  Technical Elements: Session management (for guest users), user authentication (for logged-in users), item details (product catalog), quantity updates (updates database), subtotal calculation (business logic).

• ✅ Checkout Process:

  Business Goal: Securely collect shipping, billing, and payment information to complete the order.

  Technical Elements: Multi-step forms (input validation), shipping address validation (address API), shipping options (shipping integration), payment gateway integration (PCI compliant), order summary (real-time calculation).

• 👤 User Account / Profile:

  Business Goal: Manage user information, view order history, track shipments, manage wishlists.

  Technical Elements: User authentication (secure login), order history retrieval (order management system), address book (user database), saved payment methods (tokenized with payment gateway).

Business Goal: Store, organize, and manage all product-related data.

Technical Elements: Product SKUs, descriptions, images, prices, stock levels, categories, attributes, variations. Integrates with inventory and pricing services.

Business Goal: Securely manage customer accounts, profiles, and login credentials.

Technical Elements: User registration, login (password hashing, MFA), password reset, profile updates, role management (admin, customer).

Business Goal: Handle the entire lifecycle of an order from cart to fulfillment.

Technical Elements: Cart persistence, order creation, order status tracking, order history, returns/refunds processing. Integrates with inventory and payment systems.

Business Goal: Track product stock levels in real-time to prevent overselling or stockouts.

Technical Elements: Stock updates, low-stock alerts, warehouse location tracking. Often integrated with ERP.

Business Goal: Securely process customer payments.

Technical Elements: Integration with payment gateways (API calls), tokenization of payment information, fraud detection services, refund processing.

Business Goal: Manage shipping methods, rates, and tracking.

Technical Elements: Integration with shipping carriers (API calls for rates, labels, tracking), warehouse picking/packing processes, delivery notifications.

Business Goal: Help customers find products quickly and discover relevant items.

Technical Elements: Keyword search, faceted search, personalized recommendations (based on browsing history, purchase data, collaborative filtering).

Business Goal: Manage static content like blog posts, FAQs, About Us pages, marketing banners.

Technical Elements: Text editors, image uploads, content publishing workflows.

Business Goal: Persistent storage for all e-commerce data (products, users, orders, etc.).

Technical Elements: Relational databases (e.g., PostgreSQL for structured data), NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB for flexible data, Redis for caching).

Business Goal: Manage communication between different services and external integrations.

Technical Elements: Routing, security, rate limiting, monitoring.

Business Goal: Gather data on user behavior, sales performance, marketing effectiveness.

Technical Elements: Integration with Google Analytics, custom dashboards, sales reports, funnel analysis.

Business Goal: Automate marketing campaigns, manage customer relationships.

Technical Elements: Email marketing platforms, SMS gateways, CRM systems (e.g., Salesforce), loyalty programs.

Business Goal: Protect sensitive data, ensure legal and industry compliance.

Technical Elements: SSL/TLS, firewalls, intrusion detection, PCI DSS compliance (for payment data), data privacy regulations (GDPR, CCPA).

Business Goal: Provide scalable, reliable, and secure hosting for the entire platform.

Technical Elements: Virtual machines, containers (Docker, Kubernetes), serverless functions, storage services, networking, load balancers.